on the earth意为“在地球上”,the earth指的是“地球”。
on earth有两个含义,一是“究竟,到底”,常用在疑问词后面,如:What on earth do you want to say? 二是“在世界上,在尘世中”,如:Nothing on earth would have persuaded me to go.
没有the,earth的含义抽象化,指“尘世,世界”,这和go to school是“去上学”而go to the school是“去这个学校”是一个道理。
例:This artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist ____ earth, Mother Nature.(2020年高考全国卷III语法填空70题)
答案是on,句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。